[133][134] In November 2007, the total debt of Transnistria's public sector was up to US$1.64billion. "Linkage and leverage effects on Moldova's Transnistria problem. It is an. On 4 March, Transnistria responded by blocking the Moldovan and Ukrainian transport at the borders of Transnistria. It states the remaining troops are serving as peacekeepers authorised under the 1992 ceasefire, are not in violation of the Istanbul accords and will remain until the conflict is fully resolved. The Transnistrian block was lifted after two weeks. Sinopec Group - $401 billion. For example, the percentage of Russians grew from 13.7% in 1926 to 25.5% in 1989 and further to 30.4% in 2004, while the Moldovan population decreased from 44.1% in 1926 to 39.9% in 1989 and 31.9% in 2004. vitamin b12 injections dosage and frequency for weight loss; todd collins career earnings. [43] The most prominent of these movements was the Popular Front of Moldova. US companies including Goldman Sachs, Microsoft and . The company faced a huge setback in 2012 along with other home building famous companies. Transnistria declared a "humanitarian catastrophe" in the region, while Moldova called the declaration "deliberate misinformation". [130] The budget for 2008 is US$331million, with an estimated deficit of about US$80million. The economy is based on a mix of heavy industry (steel production), electricity production, and manufacturing (textile production), which together account for about 80% of the total industrial output.[118]. Three of the top five firms are oil . Fifteen villages from the 11 communes of Dubsari District, including Cocieri and Dorocaia that geographically belong to Transnistria, have been under the control of the central government of Moldova after the involvement of local inhabitants on the side of Moldovan forces during the War of Transnistria. territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)", "Council of Europe Designates Transnistria 'Russian Occupied Territory', Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, Moldova, Transnistria and European Democracy Policies, European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM), "Background EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine", "Education and Information the golden passport for young Transnistrians", "Transnistria: Russia's satellite state an open wound in Eastern Europe", "Frozen Conflicts in the Black Sea-South Caucasus Region", "Head of Foreign Ministry of the Republic of South Ossetia congratulated Minister of Foreign Affairs of the PMR with Sixth Anniversary of Creation of Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations", "Moldova's Energy Strategy and the 'Frozen Conflict' of Transnistria", " : ", " 20 ", ": : , , ", " , , ", " , ", "Union of Moldavians in Transnistria: We have no grounds to distrust Smirnov", "Romania and The Nazi-Soviet war, 19411944", "Stalinist terror in Soviet Moldavia, by Igor Casu", The painful past retold Social memory in Azerbaijan and Gagauzia, , Moldova Matters: Why Progress is Still Possible on Ukraine's Southwestern Flank, Netherlands Institute of International Relations The OSCE Moldova and Russian diplomacy 2003, "Talk conditions of Transnistria on March 2011", "The futiliy of the negotiations on Transnistria", "Transnistria wants to merge with Russia", "Moldova's Trans-Dniester region pleads to join Russia", "Dniester public organizations ask Russia to consider possibility of Transnistria accession", Moldovan Mission seeks solution to Dorotcaia's bitter harvest, Locuitorii satului Vasilievca de pe malul stng al Nistrului triesc clipe de comar, "Transnistrian Militia Withdrew Its Posts from Vasilievca", "PMR Supreme Council (Parliament of Transnistria's official website)". Let my hands be covered in blood up to my elbows, but I will throw out the invaders, aliens and mankurt over the Dniester, I will throw them out of Transnistria, and you, the Romanians, are the real owners of this long-suffering land, you will get their houses, their apartments, along with their furniture We will make them speak Romanian, respect our language, our culture! "Representation and democracy in Eurasia's unrecognized states: The case of Transnistria. Collectively the biggest companies in the world were responsible for$31.7 trillion in 2021, 4.8% less from 2020 - which was a record high of$33.3 trillion. The political regime has been described as one of "super-presidentialism". [106][107], In October 2015, Transnistrian authorities organised another separate census from the 2014 Moldovan census. Under OSCE auspices, on 8 May 1997, Moldovan President Petru Lucinschi and Transnistrian president Igor Smirnov, signed the "Memorandum on the principles of normalization of the relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria", also known as the "Primakov Memorandum", sustaining the establishment of legal and state relations, although the memorandum's provisions were interpreted differently by the governments of Moldova and Transnistria. The rankings and market cap data of these companies are updated regularly. According to their own financial interim report (PDF), the state-owned bank serves more than 9.2 million corporate clients and 590 million personal customers around the world. Speaking on a conference call with . On top of the list of the 20 largest companies ranked by turnover in the Nordic countries as of December 2022 was the Swedish vehicle manufacturing company Volvo AB. Jun Total revenue of the company in 2019 (in millions of dollars): 71,154. This corporation has extensive foreign contacts and a well-developed network of partners, especially in Russia, . The documents of the government of Moldova refer to the region as Stnga Nistrului (in full, Unitile Administrativ-Teritoriale din Stnga Nistrului) meaning "Left Bank of the Dniester" (in full, "Administrative-territorial unit(s) of the Left Bank of the Dniester"). [57], The 5+2 format (or 5+2 talks; composed by Transnistria, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and the OSCE, plus the United States and the EU as external observers) for negotiation was started in 2005 to deal with the problems, but without results for many years as it was suspended. Bulgarians comprised 13,300 (2.8%), Gagauz 5,700 (1.2%) and Belarusians 2,800 (0.6%). It proclaimed its independence on September 2, 1990. Zippia Score 4.5. [citation needed] Although the ceasefire has held, the territory's political status remains unresolved: Transnistria is an unrecognised but de facto independent presidential republic[16] with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, currency, and vehicle registration. It slipped two spots in the global rankings to #16. OSCE and European Union officials stated in 2005 that there is no evidence that Transnistria "has ever trafficked arms or nuclear material" and much of the alarm is due to the Moldovan government's attempts to pressure Transnistria.[149]. [31] These names are adaptations of the Romanian colloquial name of the region, Transnistria, meaning "beyond the Dniester River". Andrei Panici. China Petrochemical Corporation or Sinopec Group is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, administered by SASAC for the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The largest companies by turnover The largest employers in total The most profitable companies TOP LISTS COUNTRY Denmark by turnover Finland by turnover Norway by turnover Sweden by turnover Top lists county Stockholm County Capital Region of Denmark Southern Finland Oslo County The best Nordic search engine gets even better! On the west bank, in Bessarabia, the city of Bender (Tighina) and four communes (containing six villages) to its east, south-east, and south, on the opposite bank of the river Dniester from the city of Tiraspol (Proteagailovca, Gsca, Chicani, and Cremenciug) are controlled by the PMR. Original file (SVG file, nominally 1,200 600 pixels, file size: 2 KB) The urbanisation rate was 69.9%. The 2007 Freedom in the World report, published by the U.S.-based Freedom House, described Transnistria as a "non-free" territory, having an equally bad situation in both political rights and civil liberties. [76] During the 2006 presidential election, the registration of opposition candidate Andrey Safonov was delayed until a few days before the vote, so that he had little time to conduct an election campaign. Over the years, Moldova has largely permitted Russian officers and soldiers to transit the airport on their way to Transnistria, though occasionally it blocked those that were not clearly identified as international peacekeepers or who failed to give sufficient advance notice. [75] The majority in the Parliament of Transnistria belongs to the Renewal movement that defeated the Republic party affiliated with Igor Smirnov in 2005 and performed even better in the 2010 and 2015 elections. One is Accenture: even though it is originally from the US and has a global headcount of more than 500,000, its headquarters is now located in Dublin, Ireland, making it an Ireland-based company. The state terrorists has left their bloody footprints in many places. A ceasefire agreement, signed on 21 July 1992, has held to the present day. According to the Transnistrian authorities, the name of the state is the "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" (PMR) (Russian: , , Pridnestrvskaya Moldvskaya Respblika; Romanian: Republica Moldoveneasc Nistrean, RMN, Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: , ; Ukrainian: , , Prydnistrvska Moldvska Respblika). Over the course of two days, 67 July 1949, a plan named "Operation South" saw the deportation of over 11,342 families by order of the Moldavian Minister of State Security, Iosif Mordovets. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 90% of the population of Transnistria are citizens of Transnistria. The major centre of Bulgarians in Transnistria is the large village of Parcani (situated between the cities of Tiraspol and Bender), which had an absolute Bulgarian majority and a total population of around 10,000. Transnistria is subdivided into five districts (raions) and one municipality, the city of Tiraspol (which is entirely surrounded by but administratively distinct from Slobozia District), listed below from north to south (Russian names and transliterations are appended in parentheses). Amazon is headquartered in Seattle, WA, USA. With 2021 coming to a close, it's time to highlight seven more major companies that rose to the occasion this year. [8], According to another source, the largest ethnic groups in 2015 were 161,300 Russians (34%), 156,600 Moldovans (33%), and 126,700 Ukrainians (26.7%). [113] Roman Catholics are mainly located in northern Transnistria, where a notable Polish minority lives. Following a large scale privatisation process in the late 1990s,[117] most of the companies in Transnistria are now privately owned. Recent weapons inspections were permitted by Transnistria and conducted by the OSCE. Largest European companies based on number of employees worldwide in 2020 (in 1,000s) Characteristic. After Moldova signed the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014, Transnistria being claimed as part of Moldova enjoyed the tariff-free exports to the EU. In late October 2014 MTS-Ukraine, which held a 57% share of the Crimean market of mobile telecommunication services, has sold all . The company was established in 1994 by Jeff Bezos. Also, for the first time, the population had the option to identify as "Transnistrian". About 14% of the population did not declare their nationality. Nina Shtanski served as Transnistria's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2015; Vitaly Ignatiev[ru] succeeded her as minister. After a 2005 agreement between Moldova and Ukraine, all Transnistrian companies that seek to export goods through the Ukrainian border must be registered with the Moldovan authorities. This law effectively terminates the "Agreement on transit of Russian military units temporarily located on the territory of the Republic of Moldova through the territory of Ukraine" dated 4 December 1998. The unfinished building was nearing completion in 2004 when Transnistria took control of it during that year's school crisis. The aviation industry is one of the attractive sectors in the world simply due to the nature of the products. As part of the ceasefire agreement, a three-party (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) Joint Control Commission supervises the security arrangements in the demilitarised zone, comprising 20 localities on both sides of the river. While the pandemic led to a decrease in collective revenue, it saw a record number of women running the Global 500 businesses. There is a regular mix of modern news media in Transnistria with a number of television stations, newspapers, and radio stations. The OSCE mission spokesman Claus Neukirch spoke about this situation: "There is often talk about sale of armaments from Transnistria, but there is no convincing evidence. It is convertible at a freely floating exchange rate but only in Transnistria. PMR official statistics show that 91% of the Transnistrian population adhere to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with 4% adhering to Roman Catholicism. Other resolutions: 320 160 pixels | 640 320 pixels | 1,024 512 pixels | 1,280 640 pixels | 2,560 1,280 pixels. Transnistria, in English, also referred to as Pridnestrovie, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, is a de facto state in Eastern Europe that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Transnistria wanted to return to a "Brezhnev-style planned economy". The former Soviet 14th Guards Army entered the conflict in its final stage, opening fire against Moldovan forces;[55] approximately 700 people were killed. Consumers can buy, sell and service vehicles digitally or through our 188 coast to coast locations. The city is located on the . that the Transnistrian authorities would try to sell these stocks internationally, and intense pressure was applied to have these removed by Russia. [104] The Moldovan authorities called these events a provocation aimed at destabilising the situation in the region. [65] Transnistrians may have dual, triple or even quadruple citizenship of internationally recognised countries, including: There are unsettled border issues between Transnistria and Moldova. The opposition Narodovlastie party and Power to the People movement were outlawed at the beginning of 2000[80] and eventually dissolved. Moldovan President Vladimir Voronin was initially supportive of the plan, but refused to sign it after internal opposition and international pressure from the OSCE and US, and after Russia had endorsed the Transnistrian demand to maintain a Russian military presence for the next 20 years as a guarantee for the intended federation. The March 2021 findings showed that 52% of the 166 focus companies targeted for engagement - which includes many of the largest and most carbon intensive in the world - had already committed to net-zero in some form. [139] The energy sector is dominated by Russian companies. [21] This agreement was implemented after the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) took force in 2005. The airforce is composed of 9 Mi-8T helicopters, 6 Mi-24 helicopters, 2 Mi-2 helicopters, and several fixed-wing aircraft, including, An-2, An-26 and Yak-18 types. [10] Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester (Romanian: Unitile Administrativ-Teritoriale din stnga Nistrului)[11] or as Stnga Nistrului ("Left Bank of the Dniester"). In response, volunteer militias were formed in Transnistria. ! With 2021 profits over $45 billion and assets topping 5 trillion, the ICBC ranks yet again as the largest lender in the world. The main imports were non-precious metals, food products, and electricity. [41], After the Red Army advanced into the area in 1944, Soviet authorities executed, exiled or imprisoned hundreds of inhabitants of the Moldavian SSR in the following months on charges of collaboration with the Romanian occupiers. [120][121][122][bettersourceneeded] Some commentators, including Zbigniew Brzezinski, have even labelled it a mafia state. As of May 2022, Apple has a $2.223 Trillion market capitalization and is considered one of the largest companies, with 516 retail stores and around 147,000 employees. [123][124] These allegations are denied by the Transnistrian government, and sometimes downplayed by the officials of Russia and Ukraine.[125]. Transdniester Conflict: Long in the making, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&oldid=1142771370, Romanian-speaking countries and territories, Russian-speaking countries and territories, Ukrainian-speaking countries and territories, Regions of Europe with multiple official languages, States and territories established in 1990, 1990 establishments in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2021, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2013, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2010, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 47.82% Moldovans, 42.55% Ukrainians, 6.89% Russians, 2.74% others, 29.90% Moldovans, 45.41% Ukrainians, 17.22% Russians, 7.47% others, 50.15% Moldovans, 28.29% Ukrainians, 19.03% Russians, 2.53% others, 64.83% Moldovans, 15.28% Ukrainians, 17.36% Russians, 2.26% others, 41.51% Moldovans, 21.71% Ukrainians, 26.51% Russians, 10.27% others, 18.41% Moldovans, 32.31% Ukrainians, 41.44% Russians, 7.84% others, 25.03% Moldovans, 17.98% Ukrainians, 43.35% Russians, 13.64% others, Citizens of Russia: around 150,000 people (including around 15,000 dual citizens of Belarus, Israel, Turkey); excluding those holding dual citizenship of Russia and of Moldova (around 20,000), Citizens of Ukraine: around 100,000 people, Persons without citizenship: around 20,00030,000 people, Beyer, John, and Stefan Wolff. The characteristics of the Transnistrian economic model", "Moldova. Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova.Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan-Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank.Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. [117][118] Main non-CIS markets for the Transnistrian goods were Italy, Egypt, Greece, Romania, and Germany. [87] Cargoes of humanitarian aid were sent from Russia in response. Tense situations have periodically surfaced due to these territorial disputes, such as in 2005, when Transnistrian forces entered Vasilievca,[73] in 2006 around Varnia, and in 2007 in the Dubsari-Cocieri area, when a confrontation between Moldovan and Transnistrian forces occurred, though without any casualties. Of these, 439,243 lived in Transnistria itself, and 116,104 lived in localities controlled by the PMR government, but formally belonging to other districts of Moldova: the city of Bender (Tighina), the communes of Proteagailovca, Gsca, Chicani, Cremenciug, and the village of Roghi of commune Molovata Nou. The territory controlled by the PMR is mostly, but not completely, conterminous with the left (eastern) bank of Dniester. The region can also be referred to in English as Trans-Dniester[30] or Transdniestria. [17][18][19][20] Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem, and coat of arms. [95], In 2011, US Senator John McCain claimed in a visit to Moldova that Moscow is violating the territorial integrity of Moldova and Georgia and one of the "fundamental norms" of "international behavior". [51][52] Nevertheless, no significant action was taken against Transnistria and the new authorities were slowly able to establish control of the region. For additional context, LinkedIn's ad reach in Transnistria was equivalent to 4.1 percent of the local internet user base (regardless of age) at the start of the year. According to the overall estimates, the company employs over 1 million people and has more than $410 billion in assets at the given moment making it one of the biggest companies in the world. Terra's private equity peers, Flywheel Energy, Blackbeard Operating and Scout Energy, are also among the top ten methane emitters. Its annual turnover amounts to approximately $400 billion. The top list data is always based on the latest available financial statements. [131], According to a 2007 interview with Yevgeny Shevchuk, the then-speaker of the Transnistrian Supreme Council, Transnistria is in a difficult economic situation. Following is a list of largest companies in Pakistan: Conglomerates. The oldest alcohol producer KVINT, located in Tiraspol, produces and exports brandy, wines and vodka. [146], The OSCE mission to Moldova has urged local authorities in the Transnistrian city of Rbnia to return a confiscated building to the Moldovan Latin script school in the city. During World War II, the Soviet Union took parts of the Moldavian ASSR, which was dissolved, and of the Kingdom of Romania's Bessarabia to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940. Focus: Oil + Gas. 05. This list may not reflect recent changes . The punishment is up to three years of jail for ordinary people or up to seven years of jail if the crime was committed by a person of responsibility or a group of persons by prior agreement. We're bringing the voice of Ukraine to the world. View 's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Only the proportion of Ukrainians remained reasonably stable 27.2% in 1926, 28.3% in 1989 and 28.8% in 2004. [58][59], After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014, the head of the Transnistrian parliament asked to join Russia.[60][61][62]. June 2010 surveys indicated that 13% of Transnistria's population desired the area's reintegration into Moldova in the condition of territorial autonomy, while 46% wanted Transnistria to be part of the Russian Federation.[74]. Armenia News - NEWS.am. A first round of swingeing culls hit the technology sector in November. Mihai Grecu, Anatol ranu, Trupele Ruse n Republica Moldova (Culegere de documente i materiale). "The Dniester Conflict: Between Irredentism and Separatism,", "Ukaz Prezidenta Soiuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik O Merakh po Normalizatsii Obstanovki v SSR Moldova,", "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki,", John O'Loughlin, Vladimir Kolossov & Gerald Toal, "Inside the post-Soviet de facto states: a comparison of attitudes in Abkhazia, Nagorny Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, in, "Nezavisimaya Moldova", 25 October 1994; Informative Report of FAM of RM, nr.2, October 1994, pp. The region's origins can be traced to the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was formed in 1924 within the Ukrainian SSR. On 21 October 1994, Russia and Moldova signed an agreement that committed Russia to the withdrawal of the troops in three years from the date of entry into force of the agreement;[88] this did not come into effect, however, because the Russian Duma did not ratify it. [137] In the early 2000s over 50% of the export went to the CIS, mainly to Russia, but also to Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova (which Transnistrian authorities consider foreign). Despite a 30% tax increase in 2007, the pension fund is still lacking money and emergency measures must be taken. hendrick motorsports hats; largest company in transnistria largest company in transnistria. [128] Transnistria's government budget for 2007 was US$246million, with an estimated deficit of about US$100million[129] that the government planned to cover with income from privatisations. According to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) the media climate in Transnistria is restrictive and the authorities continue a long-standing campaign to silence independent opposition voices and groups. The training will be for men under 55 who are eligible for military service. [89] However, even after 2002, the Russian parliament did not ratify the Istanbul accords. 56. The Russian army has a military base, a large ammunition dump and about 1,500 soldiers stationed in Transnistria, stating that they are there as "peacekeepers". [26] These four partially recognised or unrecognised states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations.[27][28][29]. Support us with a. The passage of soldiers of the 14th Guards Army would be illegal. !" Homosexuality was illegal, and gays and lesbians were subject to governmental and societal discrimination. As plans for major cultural changes in Moldova were made public, tensions rose further.
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