When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. Researchers have used it to identify the wide range of factors that influence worker reactions. When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. b When these needs are met, we experience satisfaction. c) supervision. c. two-factor theory. This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. the consequences of an individual's behavior. a) Existence To excite, amaze, fascinate, entertain, shock, intrigue, amuse, or entice others. c) achievement. Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. When nAch is being expressed, making it a manifest need, people try hard to succeed at whatever task theyre doing. c) performance is higher with easy goals According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. To vindicate the ego. c) reinforcers To master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. c) Assumed positive inequity Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are on different scales in his view. In Maslow's needs hierarchy, __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and so on. To surrender. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. b. through empirical analysis. b. integrative. ______________ is classified as a content theory. To form and further an erotic relationship. reflection g. A therapy that uses secondary reinforcements to change behavior. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. Why might concentrating on motivators give better results? Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? Some people like to knit, others like to carve wood. b) Hierarchy of needs theory 4. Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. c) affiliation b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better, b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior, 62. Operant Conditioning Theory Operant conditioning theory is the simplest of the motivation theories. Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. b) self esteem To overcome opposition forcefully. Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. c) hygiene factors d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. c) Procedural justice d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Competition should be encouraged among employees to find and embrace new goals. Reinforcement In 2016, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) launched a pilot program called Jump in which employees participated in challenges on ways to save water and electricity, as well as other sustainability issues. [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. existence A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. b) It is best known through the work of J. Stacy Adams. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. Business Management Exam 1, Online Quizzes, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. a. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy Genetic Theory of Aging. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization a) Motivator factors are related to job content. [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. The more we grow, the more we want to grow. Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. c) Esteem Creative Commons Attribution License c) top-down goals. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? On the other hand, there is some evidence that people satisfy the lower-order needs before they attempt to satisfy higher-order needs. b) Feelings of inequity are determined solely by the individual's interpretation of the situation. d. goal-setting theory. Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? b) 25 Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site So what motivates employees to give their all, work creatively, and be fully engaged? Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. d) Goal setting b) changing the outcomes received. a. Why is this? d) Equity b.) 47. The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? c) sense of responsibility. You can think of content theories of motivation as focusing on WHAT will motivate us. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. Motivators relate to job content. e) Organizational justice, According to expectancy theory, the value the individual attaches to various work outcomes is known as __________. d) 28 But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? To make an impression. Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. Hygiene b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. c) Expectancy nondirectivec. So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high d. The theory is unscientific. According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. c) Hygiene factors do not prevent job dissatisfaction from occurring. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, The person may not have had the opportunity to express the need. Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! __________ is classified as a process theory. To draw near and enjoyably cooperate or reciprocate with an allied other (another who resembles the subject or who likes the subject). Herzberg also refers to these factors as dissatisfiers because they are frequently associated with dissatisfied employees. Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool is a free Christian homeschool curriculum for grades K-12. 53. a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. Previously, most organizations attended primarily to hygiene factors. b) perceived positive inequity c) Cells share similar chemical composition. To have ones needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. According to Suppes, all of the following are functions of theory except a. organizing specific data. a. deterrence theory b. routine activities theory c. social disorganization theory d. neurological theory, Examples of informal sanctions include the following EXCEPT ______. Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? d. serving as a research framework. b. Adherence and familiarity with only one theory. The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. probable effect that this will have on e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. With no trains running, MTA employees are able to inspect signals, replace rails and crossties, scrape track floors, clean stations, and paint areas that are not reachable during normal train operation. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: a. behavioral. a) only one need may be activated at the same time According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. e) relatedness, According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. 1 . b. ERG theory. How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals esteem c.) Teachable e) relatedness, According to McClelland, it is __________. Multiple Choice Quiz. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. d) Cells are made up of similar shapes, colors, and sizes. social, esteem, and self-actualization. Manifest needs dominate our other needs. Companies benefit from reduced waste and increased employee engagement. b. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. All of the following are content theories EXCEPT: a. operant conditioning b. SDT theory c. ERG theory d. Motivator/Hygiene theory e. Maslow's theory Jan 21 2022 | 05:07 AM | Solved Glenna Pfannerstill Verified Expert 7 Votes 1013 Answers a) Safety e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. c) instrumentality a) It is a content theory of motivation. citation tool such as, Authors: David S. Bright, Anastasia H. Cortes. Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. a) Reinforcement a) Acquired needs theory As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Many organizations manage the achievement needs of their employees poorly. Many companies are successfully motivating their staff, and working toward more sustainable practices, while improving lives directly. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. and you must attribute OpenStax. To adhere and remain loyal to a friend. e) It is not commonly used outside of the United States. content theories include all of the following theories except: gaisano grand mall mission and visionjuin 29, 2022 There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Why? Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. An employee who is often talkative, gives orders, and argues a lot is motivated by the need for power over others. To put things in order. Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. Intense forms of dissatisfaction distract employees from important work-related activities and tend to be demotivating.16 Thus, managers should make sure that such basic needs as adequate pay, safe and clean working conditions, and opportunities for social interaction are met. Do you study at Liberty University? A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. d.) Goal setting Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. Identify important outcomes. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? Equity To give sympathy and gratify the needs of a helpless object: an infant or any object that is weak, disabled, tired, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, dejected, sick, or mentally confused. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. To control ones human environment. At the end of the pilot, 95 percent of the employees reported that they felt the program had contributed to employee engagement, team building, and environmental stability. e) 40, Locke and Latham goal-setting research found that __________. c.) Expectancy A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. Job context factors include all of the following except. e) equity, Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. b) self esteem Need-based theories describe motivated behavior as individual efforts to meet needs. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. d) interactional justice c) procedural justice E) an attitudinal trait. b) Self-actualization and esteem All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT: But most of us dont steal. A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . c) Safety, self-actualization, and social To act for fun without further purpose. b) safety. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? They avoid both simple and impossible situations. McClellands other power seeker is the social power seeker. 30. Herzberg considered job duties that lead to feelings of achievement and recognition to be motivators. benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. Maintaining good relationships with their coworkers is important to them, so they go to great lengths to make the work group succeed because they fear rejection. contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. a) expectancies e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. Accounting and Finance Political Theory (PLH-1) Criminal Law - II (0303) Masters of Business Administration export import (1723) Bsc Nursing (BNurs2011) Bachelors of Business Administration in Finance & Investment Analysis (BBA1) MBA (33A) Contract (140) MBA (CRIM) Bachler of art (eli) English (BCA302) Mechanical Engineering (BE MECH) Trending Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. b) only two needs may be activated at the same time The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. d) Goal setting In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. a) existence factors Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. According to his theory, people first direct their attention to satisfying their lower-order needs. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. Our needs for food and water are instinctive. These eight types of intelligence represent the varied ways individuals process information. a.) (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Because meeting these needs provides satisfaction, they motivate workers. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. b) goal-oriented punishments. In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. a) achievement Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. integrative. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. Pump I is a small pump; Pump 2 is a larger pump that costs more, will produce slightly more oil, and will produce it more rapidly. Jobs that pay well and that are performed in safe, clean working conditions with adequate supervision and resources directly or indirectly satisfy these lower-order needs. d) working conditions. e) It holds that people who feel underpaid will reduce their work efforts to compensate for missing rewards. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. consent of Rice University. Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! It is critical, however, that those managerial jobs allow the employee to satisfy the nPow through social power acquisition. c) David McClelland In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. b) instrumentalities Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables Could we detect that need from her current behavior? b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low c) reinforcers d) interactional justice a) Esteem, social, and safety e) Motivation, If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance? identify relevant leadership behaviors. To defend the self against assault, criticism, and blame. a) Acquired needs theory For example, it is difficult for researchers to ascertain when interaction with others satisfies our need for acceptance and when it satisfies our need for recognition. behavioral. Self-determination theory (SDT) seeks to explain not only what causes motivation, but also how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivation.17 In SDT, extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain some valued outcome, while intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself. Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: A high social power seeker satisfies needs for power by influencing others, like the personal power seeker. c) more than one need may be activated at the same time Theory choice. Employees can be dissatisfied, neutral, or satisfied with their jobs, depending on their levels of hygienes and motivators.
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