Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". Luxury Car Tours. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. Bus Tours. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Copyright 2023 History Defined | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. Subscribe to this by clicking this link:https://www.youtube.com/c/TheFortresssThanks for watching! At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. The womans face became swollen and blue.. (17.10.2019). In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. (In Czech) In September 1939, the Nazis created the concentration camp of Stutthof (Sztutowo) in a wooded area near the Baltic port of Gdansk. 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. The former librarian, from Dresden, was a keen horsewoman who used stolen cash from prisoners to build an indoor riding arena at the Buchenwald camp, which housed 20,000 slave labourers. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. Journey time by bus is about 80 minutes and costs 14.50z. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. The SS in Stutthof began conscripting women from Danzig and the surrounding cities in June 1944, to train as camp guards because of their severe shortage after the women's subcamp of Stutthof called Bromberg-Ost (Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was set up in the city of Bydgoszcz. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials. Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed. When the Allies tried the perpetrators of the Holocaust after the end of the war, the public was surprised by the beastly behavior of female guards like Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, who often committed worse acts than their male counterparts. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. Women were needed, especially to oversee womens camps like at Ravensbruck. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. [citation needed] Until 1942, nearly all of the prisoners were Polish. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. Read about our approach to external linking. The selection process for these guards was lax. Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. UN negotiating final terms of High Seas Treaty, Tunisia labor union protests President Saied. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Several thousand prisoners were directed towards the nearby Baltic coast and hundreds were forced into the sea and shot. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. They were publicly hanged before a large crowd, estimated at several thousand, at 5.00 p.m. on July 4th, 1946 at Biskupia Gorka hill near Danzig. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. 1939). Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. One survivor, Lila Givner, told her 1978 trial: Kobyla was tall. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. She kicked me so hard that I fell. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. Asia Shindelman said many prisoners had to walk hundreds of kilometres with little clothing for the cold weather. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. As the war ended, Jenny Barkmann attempted to evade the Red Army under a false name in the besieged city of Gdansk. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . What science tells us about the afterlife. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. [7][8] Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? Nevertheless, Pauly was executed in 1946. Ten were sentenced to death. [7], Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on 9 May 1945, rescuing about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide.[7]. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. Holocaust survivor Abraham Koryski gave evidence in court on Monday, detailing the horrors he and other inmates endured at the Stutthoff concentration camp in the final years of World War II. Washington, DC 20024-2126 "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. Hitler shot his brains out in despair. But the former nurse became known as the Sadist of Stutthof due to the vicious beatings she meted out to inmates at the camp, in Nazi-occupied Poland. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. [13], In October 2019, Bruno Dey from Hamburg was accused of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. Manfred Goldberg's younger brother Herman was murdered by the Nazis but Manfred was eventually reunited with his mother, who was also at Stutthof, and later his father too in the UK. The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland began in January 1945. Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. Wow, Geocities links. The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. Your email address will not be published. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. She showed no hesitation in beating her victims to death and displayed no remorse when selecting women and children for the gas chambers. [1] When the Soviet army began its advance through German-occupied Estonia in July and August 1944, the camp staff of Klooga concentration camp evacuated the majority of the inmates by sea and sent them to Stutthof. ", How nine women escaped from a Nazi death march, Historic ocean treaty agreed after decade of talks, China looks at reforms to deepen Xi's control, Inside the enclave surrounded by pro-Russia forces, 'The nurses wanted me to feel guilty about my abortion, From Afghan TV fame to a US factory floor. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. [17] Between 63,000 and 65,000 people died in the camp. (06.11.2018), The man is accused of being complicit in the deaths of 5,230 inmates during a period of almost a year working as a guard at the Stutthof concentration camp. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp (like Dachau), administered by the German Security Police. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. Kobyla kicked me, and I still bear the scars. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp, administered by the German Security Police. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp[6] under the Danzig police chief, before its subsequent massive expansion. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34km (21mi) east of the city of Danzig (Gdask) in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. SVIZZERA-LOTTO www. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Stutthof concentration camp Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. Berlin CNN A 96-year-old man accused of being an SS guard at the Stutthof camp in Nazi-occupied Poland has been deemed "unfit to stand trial." The man, named only as "Harry S.," is. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. A narcissist who had numerous affairs with SS officers, she was said to have deliberately chosen women she considered more beautiful than her. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. Many prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as DAW (Deutsche Ausrstungswerke, literally the 'German Equipment Works'), the heavily guarded armaments factory located inside the camp next to prisoner barracks. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. But as the war turned against the Germans, the camp was evacuated and thousands of prisoners were sent on a death march. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . A report by the Seventh Army, written by Lieutenant Colonel Walter J. Fellenz, mentions a total of 17 guards killed. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. from. Stutthof had a large number of sub camps, and prisoners were forced to work incredibly hard some even made aircraft parts for German planes. [19][28] It was also added that Spanner was arrested twice after the war but released after each time after explaining how he had conducted the maceration and injection process of his models and was declared "clean" by the denazification program in 1948, officially exonerated, and resumed his academic career. Ilse also had a deadly fascination for tattoos and, at a later trial for war crimes, witnesses said she selected men with the best body art for slaughter - turning their skin into lampshades and book covers. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. The Stutthof concentration camp, like every Nazi concentration camp, was an institution for torturing, humiliating and murdering people, a death machine. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. I PROMISE. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . 99 . Sign up here. There were 3,000 guards at Stutthof concentration camp alone, and only 50 were convicted. "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war.
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